John Locke’s liberal philosophy remains one of the most influential foundations of modern political thought, particularly through his theory of the social contract and his conception of civil government. This research paper critically examines Locke’s liberal vision with special reference to his Two Treatises of Government, exploring how his ideas on natural rights, consent, and limited government shaped the emergence of constitutional democracies. Central to Locke’s thesis is the belief that individuals possess inherent and inalienable rights life, liberty, and property which precede the formation of political society. The study analyzes how Locke justifies the transition from the state of nature to a civil society through a voluntary social contract grounded in mutual consent and collective agreement. It further investigates Locke’s emphasis on the rule of law, separation of powers, and the principle of governmental accountability, arguing that legitimate political authority can only be sustained when it protects the natural rights of citizens. The paper also highlights Locke’s revolutionary idea that citizens retain the moral right to resist or overthrow governments that become tyrannical or violate the social contract. By situating Locke within the broader liberal tradition, this study demonstrates how his political philosophy laid the groundwork for modern democratic governance, constitutionalism, and human rights discourse. Ultimately, the research underscores Locke’s enduring relevance in contemporary debates on liberty, governance, and the ethical basis of political authority.
John Locke, Social Contract, Liberalism, Civil Government, Natural Rights, Consent, Constitutionalism.
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